Speziallabor Molekularbiologische Techniken

Die Schwerpunkte unserer gegenwärtigen Arbeiten werden durch folgende Fragen bestimmt:

• Welche Neurotransmitter sind maßgeblich beteiligt beim Diskriminierungslernen und der Ausbildung des Langzeitgedächtnisses?
• Welche synaptischen Proteine sind von besonderer Bedeutung für Lernplastizität und Gedächtnisbildung?
• Welche synaptischen Proteine stehen im Zusammenhang mit neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen?
• Inwiefern hat die Proteinglykosylierung einen Einfluß auf die Ausbildung des Langzeitgedächtnisses?
• Welche Rolle spielen das neuronale Zelladhäsionsmolekül Neuroplastin und seine unmittelbaren Interaktionspartner bei synaptischer Plastizität?

2008-2019
SFB 779 "Neurobiologie motivierten Verhaltens" (DFG)
"Mechanismen synaptischer Plastizität bei Kortex-abhängigen Lernprozessen"
DC Dieterich, ED Gundelfinger & W Tischmeyer
www.sfb779.de
 

2017-2019
Wissenschaftlich-Technologische Zusammenarbeit (WTZ) mit Chile (BMBF)
"Präsynaptische Funktionen von Neuroplastin - Implikationen für Endo- und Exocytose und den Exocyst-Komplex"
KH Smalla, ED Gundelfinger, CI Seidenbecher & D Montag
 

2016 - 2019
LIN Special Project  
"Hippocampus-dependent versus striatum-dependent spatial learning - in latent toxoplasmosis – a cross-species investigation"

Ausgewählte Publikationen

Hoffmann-Conaway S, Brockmann MM, Schneider K, Annamneedi A, Rahman KA, Bruns C, Textoris-Taube K, Trimbuch T, Smalla K-H, Rosenmund C, Gundelfinger ED, Garner CC, Montenegro-Venegas C. 2020. Parkin contributes to synaptic vesicle autophagy in Bassoon-deficient mice. eLife. 9:Article e56590. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.56590

Schicknick H, Henschke JU, Budinger E, Ohl FW, Gundelfinger ED, Tischmeyer W. 2019. β-adrenergic modulation of discrimination learning and memory in the auditory cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience. 50(7):3141-3163. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14480

Koopmans F, van Nierop P, Andres-Alonso M, Byrnes A, Cijsouw T, Coba MP, Cornelisse LN, Farrell RJ, Goldschmidt HL, Howrigan DP, Hussain NK, Imig C, de Jong APH, Jung H, Kohansalnodehi M, Kramarz B, Lipstein N, Lovering RC, MacGillavry H, Mariano V, Mi H, Ninov M, Osumi-Sutherland D, Pielot R, Smalla K-H, Tang H, Tashman K, Toonen RFG, Verpelli C, Reig-Viader R, Watanabe K, van Weering J, Achsel T, Ashrafi G, Asi N, Brown TC, De Camilli P, Feuermann M, Foulger RE, Gaudet P, Joglekar A, Kanellopoulos A, Malenka R, Nicoll RA, Pulido C, de Juan-Sanz J, Sheng M, Südhof TC, Tilgner HU, Bagni C, Bayés À, Biederer T, Brose N, Chua JJE, Dieterich DC, Gundelfinger ED, Hoogenraad C, Huganir RL, Jahn R, Kaeser PS, Kim E, Kreutz MR, McPherson PS, Neale BM, O'Connor V, Posthuma D, Ryan TA, Sala C, Feng G, Hyman SE, Thomas PD, Smit AB, Verhage M. 2019. SynGO: An Evidence-Based, Expert-Curated Knowledge Base for the Synapse. Neuron. 103(2):217-234.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.002

Lang D, Schott BH, van Ham M, Morton L, Kulikovskaja L, Herrera-Molina R, Pielot R, Klawonn F, Montag D, Jänsch L, Gundelfinger ED, Smalla KH, Dunay IR. 2018. Chronic Toxoplasma infection is associated with distinct alterations in the synaptic protein composition. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 15(1):Article 216. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-018-1242-1

Korthals M, Langnaese K, Smalla KH, Kähne T, Herrera-Molina R, Handschuh J, Lehmann AC, Mamula D, Naumann M, Seidenbecher C, Zuschratter W, Tedford K, Gundelfinger ED, Montag D, Fischer KD, Thomas U. 2017. A complex of Neuroplastin and Plasma Membrane Ca²⁺ ATPase controls T cell activation. Scientific Reports. 7(1):Article 8358. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08519-4

Helbing C, Tischmeyer W, Angenstein F. 2017. Late effect of dopamine D_1/5 receptor activation on stimulus-induced BOLD responses in the hippocampus and its target regions depends on the history of previous stimulations. NeuroImage. 152:119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.077

Bhattacharya S, Herrera-Molina R, Sabanov V, Ahmed T, Iscru E, Stöber F, Richter K, Fischer KD, Angenstein F, Goldschmidt J, Beesley PW, Balschun D, Smalla KH, Gundelfinger ED, Montag D. 2017. Genetically induced retrograde amnesia of associative memories after neuroplastin ablation. Biological Psychiatry. 81(2):124-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.2107

Kähne T, Richter S, Kolodziej A, Smalla KH, Pielot R, Engler A, Ohl FW, Dieterich DC, Seidenbecher C, Tischmeyer W, Naumann M, Gundelfinger ED. 2016. Proteome rearrangements after auditory learning: high-resolution profiling of synapse-enriched protein fractions from mouse brain. Journal of Neurochemistry. 138(1):124-138. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13636

Reichenbach N, Herrmann U, Kähne T, Schicknick H, Pielot R, Naumann M, Dieterich DC, Gundelfinger ED, Smalla KH, Tischmeyer W. 2015. Differential effects of dopamine signalling on long-term memory formation and consolidation in rodent brain. Proteome Science. 13(1):Article 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12953-015-0069-2

Beesley PW, Herrera-Molina R, Smalla KH, Seidenbecher C. 2014. The Neuroplastin adhesion molecules: key regulators of neuronal plasticity and synaptic function. Journal of Neurochemistry. 131(3):268-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12816

Alle Publikationen der Gruppe

2020

Hoffmann-Conaway S, Brockmann MM, Schneider K, Annamneedi A, Rahman KA, Bruns C, Textoris-Taube K, Trimbuch T, Smalla K-H, Rosenmund C, Gundelfinger ED, Garner CC, Montenegro-Venegas C. 2020. Parkin contributes to synaptic vesicle autophagy in Bassoon-deficient mice. eLife. 9:1-30. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.56590

Distler U, Schumann S, Kesseler H-G, Pielot R, Smalla K-H, Sielaff M, Schmeisser MJ, Tenzer S. 2020. Proteomic Analysis of Brain Region and Sex-Specific Synaptic Protein Expression in the Adult Mouse Brain. Cells. 9(2):Article 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9020313

Caviedes A, Maturana B, Corvalan K, Engler A, Gordillo F, Varas-Godoy M, Smalla K-H, Batiz LF, Lafourcade C, Kaehne T, Wyneken U. 2020. The eNOS-dependent S-nitrosylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 has neuroprotective consequences in excitotoxicity. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.04.932772

2019

Gómez-Molina C, Sandoval M, Henzi R, Ramírez JP, Varas-Godoy M, Luarte A, Lafourcade CA, Lopez-Verrilli A, Smalla K-H, Kaehne T, Wyneken U. 2019. Small extracellular vesicles in rat serum contain astrocyte-derived protein biomarkers of repetitive stress. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 22(3):232-246. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyy098

Schicknick H, Henschke JU, Budinger E, Ohl FW, Gundelfinger ED, Tischmeyer W 2019 β-adrenergic modulation of discrimination learning and memory in the auditory cortex. Eur J Neurosci. 2019 Oct;50(7):3141-3163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14480. Epub 2019 Jul 1.

Koopmans F, van Nierop P, Andres-Alonso M, Byrnes A, Cijsouw T, Coba MP, Cornelisse LN, Farrell RJ, Goldschmidt HL, Howrigan DP, Hussain NK, Imig C, de Jong APH, Jung H, Kohansalnodehi M, Kramarz B, Lipstein N, Lovering RC, MacGillavry H, Mariano V, Mi H, Ninov M, Osumi-Sutherland D, Pielot R, Smalla K-H, Tang H, Tashman K, Toonen RFG, Verpelli C, Reig-Viader R, Watanabe K, van Weering J, Achsel T, Ashrafi G, Asi N, Brown TC, De Camilli P, Feuermann M, Foulger RE, Gaudet P, Joglekar A, Kanellopoulos A, Malenka R, Nicoll RA, Pulido C, de Juan-Sanz J, Sheng M, Südhof TC, Tilgner HU, Bagni C, Bayés À, Biederer T, Brose N, Chua JJE, Dieterich DC, Gundelfinger ED, Hoogenraad C, Huganir RL, Jahn R, Kaeser PS, Kim E, Kreutz MR, McPherson PS, Neale BM, O'Connor V, Posthuma D, Ryan TA, Sala C, Feng G, Hyman SE, Thomas PD, Smit AB, Verhage M (2019) SynGO: An Evidence-Based, Expert-Curated Knowledge Base for the Synapse. Neuron 103(2):217-234. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.002.

2018

Annamneedi A, Caliskan G, Müller S, Montag D, Budinger E, Angenstein F, Fejtova A, Tischmeyer W, Gundelfinger ED, Stork O. 2018. Ablation of the presynaptic organizer Bassoon in excitatory neurons retards dentate gyrus maturation and enhances learning performance. Brain Structure and Function. 223(7):3423-3445. Available from: 10.1007/s00429-018-1692-3

Lang D, Schott BH, van Ham M, Morton L, Kulikovskaja L, Herrera-Molina R, Pielot R, Klawonn F, Montag D, Jänsch L, Gundelfinger ED, Smalla KH, Dunay IR. 2018. Chronic Toxoplasma infection is associated with distinct alterations in the synaptic protein composition. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 15(1). Available from: 10.1186/s12974-018-1242-1

Kumar A, Majhi RK, Acharya TK, Smalla KH, Gundelfinger ED, and Goswami C (2018)  TRPV4 interacts with mitochondrial proteins and acts as a mitochondrial structure-function regulator. bioRxiv 2018, . doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/330993

2017

Korthals M, Langnaese K, Smalla KH, Kähne T, Herrera-Molina R, Handschuh J, Lehmann AC, Mamula D, Naumann M, Seidenbecher C, Zuschratter W, Tedford K, Gundelfinger ED, Montag D, Fischer KD, Thomas U. 2017. A complex of Neuroplastin and Plasma Membrane Ca²⁺ ATPase controls T cell activation. Scientific Reports. 7(1). Available from: 10.1038/s41598-017-08519-4

Herrera-Molina R, Mlinac-Jerkovic K, Ilic K, Stöber F, Vemula SK, Sandoval M, Milosevic NJ, Simic G, Smalla KH, Goldschmidt J, Bognar SK, Montag D. 2017. Neuroplastin deletion in glutamatergic neurons impairs selective brain functions and calcium regulation: Implication for cognitive deterioration. Scientific Reports. 7(1). Available from: 10.1038/s41598-017-07839-9

Helbing C, Tischmeyer W, Angenstein F. 2017. Late effect of dopamine D_1/5 receptor activation on stimulus-induced BOLD responses in the hippocampus and its target regions depends on the history of previous stimulations. NeuroImage. 152:119-129. Available from: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.077

Bhattacharya S, Herrera-Molina R, Sabanov V, Ahmed T, Iscru E, Stöber F, Richter K, Fischer KD, Angenstein F, Goldschmidt J, Beesley PW, Balschun D, Smalla KH, Gundelfinger ED, Montag D. 2017. Genetically induced retrograde amnesia of associative memories after neuroplastin ablation. Biological Psychiatry. 81(2):124-135. Available from: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.2107

Fernández-Orth J, Ehling P, Ruck T, Pankratz S, Hofmann MS, Landgraf P, Dieterich DC, Smalla KH, Kähne T, Seebohm G, Budde T, Wiendl H, Bittner S, Meuth SG. 2017. 14-3-3 Proteins regulate K_2P5.1 surface expression on T lymphocytes. Traffic. 18(1):29-43. Available from: 10.1111/tra.12455

Leutritz T, Hilfert L, Busse U, Smalla KH, Speck O, Zhong K. 2017. Contribution of iron and protein contents from rat brain subcellular fractions to MR phase imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 77(5):2028-2039. Available from: 10.1002/mrm.26288

2016

Kolodziej A, Smalla KH, Richter S, Engler A, Pielot R, Dieterich DC, Tischmeyer W, Naumann M, Kähne T. 2016. High resolution quantitative synaptic proteome profiling of mouse brain regions after auditory discrimination learning. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2016(118). Available from: 10.3791/54992

Kähne T, Richter S, Kolodziej A, Smalla KH, Pielot R, Engler A, Ohl FW, Dieterich DC, Seidenbecher C, Tischmeyer W, Naumann M, Gundelfinger ED. 2016. Proteome rearrangements after auditory learning: high-resolution profiling of synapse-enriched protein fractions from mouse brain. Journal of Neurochemistry. 124-138. Available from: 10.1111/jnc.13636

2015

Reichenbach N, Herrmann U, Kähne T, Schicknick H, Pielot R, Naumann M, Dieterich DC, Gundelfinger ED, Smalla KH, Tischmeyer W. 2015. Differential effects of dopamine signalling on long-term memory formation and consolidation in rodent brain. Proteome Science. 13(1). Available from: 10.1186/s12953-015-0069-2

2014

Beesley PW, Herrera-Molina R, Smalla KH, Seidenbecher C. 2014. The Neuroplastin adhesion molecules: key regulators of neuronal plasticity and synaptic function. Journal of Neurochemistry. 131(3):268-283. Available from: 10.1111/jnc.12816

Herrera Molina R, Sarto-Jackson I, Montenegro-Venegas C, Heine M, Smalla KH, Seidenbecher CI, Beesley PW, Gundelfinger ED, Montag D. 2014. Structure of excitatory synapses and GABA<inf>a</inf> receptor localization at inhibitory synapses are regulated by neuroplastin-65. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289(13):8973-8988. Available from: 10.1074/jbc.M113.514992

Seidensticker M, Ulrich G, Muehlberg FL, Pethe A, Grosser OS, Steffen IG, Stiebler M, Goldschmidt J, Smalla KH, Seidensticker R, Ricke J, Amthauer H, Mohnike K. 2014. Tumor cell uptake of ^99mTc-Labeled 1-Thio-β-d-glucose and 5-thio-d-glucose in comparison with 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸ f]fluoro-d-glucose in vitro: Kinetics, dependencies, blockage and cell compartment of accumulation. Molecular Imaging and Biology. 16(2):189-198. Available from: 10.1007/s11307-013-0690-3

2013

Kemp A, Tischmeyer W, Manahan-Vaughan D. 2013. Learning-facilitated long-term depression requires activation of the immediate early gene, c-fos, and is transcription dependent. Behavioural Brain Research. 254:83-91. Available from: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.036

Li L, Sase A, Patil S, Sunyer B, Höger H, Smalla KH, Stork O, Lubec G. 2013. Distinct Set Of Kinases Induced After Retrieval of Spatial Memory Discriminate Memory Modulation Processes in the Mouse Hippocampus. Hippocampus. 23(8):672-683. Available from: 10.1002/hipo.22127

Sandoval M, Luarte A, Herrera-Molina R, Varas-Godoy M, Santibáñez M, Rubio FJ, Smit AB, Gundelfinger ED, Li KW, Smalla KH, Wyneken U. 2013. The glycolytic enzyme aldolase C is up-regulated in rat forebrain microsomes and in the cerebrospinal fluid after repetitive fluoxetine treatment. Brain Research. 1520:1-14. Available from: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.049

Leutritz T, Hilfert L, Smalla KH, Speck O, Zhong K. 2013. Accurate quantification of water-macromolecule exchange induced frequency shift: Effects of reference substance. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 69(1):263-268. Available from: 10.1002/mrm.24223

Smalla KH, Klemmer P, Wyneken U. 2013. Isolation of the postsynaptic density: A specialization of the subsynaptic cytoskeleton. In Neuromethods. pp. 265-280. (Neuromethods). Available from: 10.1007/978-1-62703-266-7-11

2012

Bernstein HG, Smalla KH, Dürrschmidt D, Keilhoff G, Dobrowolny H, Steiner J, Schmitt A, Kreutz MR, Bogerts B. 2012. Increased density of prohibitin-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes in the dorsolateral prefrontal white matter of subjects with schizophrenia suggests extraneuronal roles for the protein in the disease. NeuroMolecular Medicine. 14(4):270-280. Available from: 10.1007/s12017-012-8185-y

Mlinac K, Jovanov Milošević N, Heffer M, Smalla KH, Schnaar RL, Kalanj Bognar S. 2012. Neuroplastin expression in the hippocampus of mice lacking complex gangliosides. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 48(1):161-166. Available from: 10.1007/s12031-012-9801-x

Hodas JJL, Nehring A, Höche N, Sweredoski MJ, Pielot R, Hess S, Tirrell DA, Dieterich DC, Schuman EM. 2012. Dopaminergic modulation of the hippocampal neuropil proteome identified by bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT). Proteomics. 12(15-16):2464-2476. Available from: 10.1002/pmic.201200112

Kähne T, Kolodziej A, Smalla KH, Eisenschmidt E, Haus UU, Weismantel R, Kropf S, Wetzel W, Ohl FW, Tischmeyer W, Naumann M, Gundelfinger ED. 2012. Synaptic proteome changes in mouse brain regions upon auditory discrimination learning. Proteomics. 12(15-16):2433-2444. Available from: 10.1002/pmic.201100669

Schmeisser MJ, Ey E, Wegener S, Bockmann J, Stempel AV, Kuebler A, Janssen AL, Udvardi PT, Shiban E, Spilker C, Balschun D, Skryabin BV, Dieck ST, Smalla KH, Montag D, Leblond CS, Faure P, Torquet N, Le Sourd AM, Toro R, Grabrucker AM, Shoichet SA, Schmitz D, Kreutz MR, Bourgeron T, Gundelfinger ED, Boeckers TM. 2012. Autistic-like behaviours and hyperactivity in mice lacking ProSAP1/Shank2. Nature. 486(7402):256-260. Available from: 10.1038/nature11015

Sarto-Jackson I, Milenkovic I, Smalla KH, Gundelfinger ED, Kaehne T, Herrera-Molina R, Thomas S, Kiebler MA, Sieghart W. 2012. The cell adhesion molecule neuroplastin-65 is a novel interaction partner of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 287(17):14201-14214. Available from: 10.1074/jbc.M111.293175

Schicknick H, Reichenbach N, Smalla KH, Scheich H, Gundelfinger ED, Tischmeyer W. 2012. Dopamine modulates memory consolidation of discrimination learning in the auditory cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience. 35(5):763-774. Available from: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.07994.x

Pielot R, Smalla KH, Müller A, Landgraf P, Lehmann AC, Eisenschmidt E, Haus UU, Weismantel R, Gundelfinger ED, Dieterich DC. 2012. Synprot: A database for proteins of detergent-resistant synaptic protein preparations. Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience. (JUN). Available from: 10.3389/fnsyn.2012.00001

2011

Sandoval R, González A, Caviedes A, Pancetti F, Smalla KH, Kaehne T, Michea L, Gundelfinger ED, Wyneken U. 2011. Homeostatic NMDA receptor down-regulation via brain derived neurotrophic factor and nitric oxide-dependent signalling in cortical but not in hippocampal neurons. Journal of Neurochemistry. 118(5):760-772. Available from: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07365.x

Scheich H, Brechmann A, Brosch M, Budinger E, Ohl FW, Selezneva E, Stark H, Tischmeyer W, Wetzel W. 2011. Behavioral semantics of learning and crossmodal processing in auditory cortex: The semantic processor concept. Hearing Research. 271(1-2):3-15. Available from: 10.1016/j.heares.2010.10.006

Smalla KH, Wyneken U. 2011. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic analysis of brain synapses. In Neuromethods. pp. 95-113. (Neuromethods). Available from: 10.1007/978-1-61779-111-6_8

2010

Goswami C, Rademacher N, Smalla KH, Kalscheuer V, Ropers HH, Gundelfinger ED, Hucho T. 2010. TRPV1 acts as a synaptic protein and regulates vesicle recycling. Journal of Cell Science. 123(12):2045-2057. Available from: 10.1242/jcs.065144

Dürrschmidt D, Smalla KH, Kreutz MR, Dobrowolny H, Steiner J, Keilhoff G, Bogerts B, Bernstein HG. 2010. Increased oligodendroglial expression of the cell proliferation?controlling protein prohibitin in schizophrenia. A hint for cell cycle abnormalities?. Acta Clinica Croatica. 49(SUPPL. 2):39-41.

Wir sind aktiv in die Ausbildung der Studierenden vom Masterstudiengang "Integrative Neuroscience" eingebunden. Mitglieder unserer Gruppe unterrichten im Kurs "Neural Signalling" und wir bieten Praktika zu den Themen "Protein-Protein-Interaktionsstudien" und "Synaptoproteomics"

Mit Unterstützung der Neurowissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft haben wir bereits mehrfach einen einwöchigen Kurs "SynaptoProteomics" mit internationaler Beteiligung angeboten.

Desweiteren gibt es für Studierende auswärtiger Universitäten die Möglichkeiten für:

• Praxissemester
• Laboraufenthalte für Arbeiten mit dem Ziel, eine Bachelor- oder Masterarbeit zu erstellen
• Aufenthalte im Rahmen des Erasmus-Austauschprogramms oder des DAAD

Ebenso versuchen wir, Schülerpraktika zu ermöglichen.

Proteinbiochemische Standardverfahren
(z.B. Gewebefraktionierungen, Proteinfällung, Proteinbestimmungen)


Herstellung und Reinigung rekombinanter Proteine
(in Bakterien oder in eukaryontischen Zelllinien)


Proteinbiochemische Trennverfahren

• Subzelluläre Fraktionierungen (Membranfraktionen, Synapsenfraktionen, Postsynaptische Dichten, Zellkerne)
• Elektrophoretische Trennverfahren (SDS-Gelelektrophorese, Isoelektrische Fokussierung, Blue Native Elektrophorese, Zweidimensionale Gelelektrophoresen)
• Chromatografische Trennverfahren (HPLC, ÄKTA): Gelfiltration, Ionenaustausch-Chromatografie, Umkehrphasen-Chromatografie, Affinitätschromatografie
• Pull Down

Immunchemische Verfahren

• Immunoblotting
• Immunpräzipitation  
• ELISA

23.06.2019, Generalanzeiger
Durch Synapsen klicken

22.06.2019, Elbe-Kurier
Inventur in der Synapse

18.06.2019, Labo
Wissensdatenbank zu Synapsenbausteinen und ihren Genen

10.02.2019, Südkurier
Toxoplasmose: Ein Parasit, der uns zu Egoisten machen kann

11.02.2019, Volksstimme
Magdeburger erforschen Parasiten

10.02.2019, Südkurier
Toxoplasmose: Ein Parasit, der uns zu Egoisten machen kann

02.02.2019, Web.de
Toxoplasma gondii im Gehirn - So verändert ein Parasit das Verhalten

11.01.2019, Welt.de
Wie ein Parasit den menschlichen Charakter manipuliert